Bureau of Prisons Classification Methods

Bureau of Prisons classification methods are the policies and procedures the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) uses to determine an individual’s security designation, custody level, medical care level, and program needs to place them at an appropriate facility. Classification decisions are applied nationally and coordinated with the Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC). They affect daily movement, housing, eligibility for programs (e.g., RDAP), and proximity to the release residence. |title_mode=replace

Classification matters because BOP institutions differ by security level, mission, and available programming. The outcome influences access to medical care, education and work, reentry preparation, visitation logistics, and eligibility for incentives under the First Step Act. Public Safety Factors (PSFs) and Management Variables (MVs) can raise minimum placement thresholds or permit exceptions, while medical care levels ensure clinical needs guide placement decisions. |title_mode=replace

How classification works

After sentencing and transmission of records to BOP, DSCC applies national classification criteria to determine security and custody levels, medical care level, and program needs, then identifies facilities that meet those requirements.

Inputs and records

• Judgment and commitment order (J&C), Presentence Investigation Report (PSR), Statement of Reasons, and detainer information arrive from the court and U.S. Marshals.

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• BOP reviews offense severity, criminal history, institutional adjustment history (for redesignations), and proposed release residence under PS 5100.08.

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Process steps

1. Security scoring: BOP assigns a security point score from offense and history; PSFs may mandate minimum placement levels (e.g., greatest severity).

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1. Custody level: Custody classification (e.g., community, out, in, maximum) governs movement and housing rules within facilities.

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1. Medical care level: Clinical review assigns a Care Level (1–4) to match facilities that can support documented medical needs.

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1. Program needs: Eligibility and availability for programming (e.g., RDAP, education, vocational training) are considered during placement when feasible.

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1. Facility selection: DSCC identifies institutions consistent with the person’s security/custody, care level, mission, and capacity, balancing proximity to release residence when possible.

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Timing

Initial classification and designation typically occur within weeks of sentencing; timing varies based on completeness of records, care level assessment, bed space, and transport logistics. |title_mode=replace

Eligibility and requirements

All individuals sentenced to federal imprisonment undergo classification. Verified medical documentation supports assignment to facilities with specialized services. Active detainers (state/immigration) and pending charges can limit program eligibility, camp placement, and access to community custody or residential reentry centers. |title_mode=replace

Current methods and tools

Security levels

BOP operates minimum (camps), low, medium, high security institutions, and administrative facilities with specialized missions (e.g., medical centers, detention centers). Classification aligns individuals to an appropriate level and mission. |title_mode=replace

Custody scoring

Custody level influences movement restrictions, work eligibility, and housing within institutions. It is recalculated periodically and may change with behavior and sentence progression. |title_mode=replace

Public Safety Factors (PSFs)

PSFs such as greatest severity, sex offense, or deportable alien impose minimum placement floors that can preclude minimum-security settings regardless of point total. |title_mode=replace

Management Variables (MVs)

MVs permit exceptions to security/custody results for mission, population management, security, or program access (e.g., placement for specialized medical services or program availability). |title_mode=replace

Medical care levels

Care Levels (1–4) match clinical needs to facility resources; Care Level 4 patients are typically referred to medical centers or institutions with inpatient capabilities and specialty clinics. |title_mode=replace

Program needs

Program matching considers documented eligibility and facility capacity for RDAP, education (literacy, GED, postsecondary), vocational training (e.g., trades), and work assignments that support reentry preparation. |title_mode=replace

How classification affects access and daily life

• Visitation and proximity: Security and mission constraints can result in placements far from family; transfers for proximity are considered when consistent with classification and capacity.

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• Program access: Security and custody levels influence eligibility and access to programs that can yield FSA time credits and reentry benefits.

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• Medical services: Care levels determine placement at institutions capable of delivering required clinical services.

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• Work and housing: Custody level governs movement, work details, and housing assignments within the institution.

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Re-designation and transfers

Classification is reviewed periodically and can change. Re-designation may occur due to behavior, sentence changes, new detainers, medical updates, or program enrollment. Transfer requests typically originate with the unit team and warden and are reviewed by DSCC under national policy and capacity constraints. |title_mode=replace

Criticisms and challenges

Observers cite limited transparency of classification criteria, difficulty honoring judicial recommendations when PSFs or capacity constrain placement, and delays caused by incomplete records or limited bed space and program slots. Families may experience hardship when classification results in distant placements that reduce visitation and support. |title_mode=replace

History

BOP classification evolved from institution-specific practices to a national, standardized system. In the late 20th century, BOP formalized security scoring and custody levels, introduced PSFs and MVs to reflect public safety and management needs, and developed medical care levels to align placement with clinical resources. Centralization at DSCC consolidated designation and sentence computation, strengthening uniformity and documentation. More recent changes under the First Step Act affected programming eligibility and movement, indirectly influencing classification and transfers. |title_mode=replace

Terminology

• Security designation – The security level assigned (minimum, low, medium, high, administrative).

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• Custody level – Classification that governs movement and housing within an institution.

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• Public Safety Factor (PSF) – Mandatory placement threshold applied to specific risks or offense types.

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• Management Variable (MV) – Exception mechanism allowing deviations from standard results for mission or safety reasons.

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• Care Level (1–4) – Medical resource tier guiding clinical placement decisions.

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• DSCC – Central office that conducts designation and sentence computations.

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See also

• Federal Bureau of Prisons
• Overview of federal prison designation
• Residential Drug Abuse Program
• First Step Act
• Security levels in federal prisons
• Inmate classification

External links

• Program Statement 5100.08 – Inmate Security Designation and Custody Classification (PDF)
• BOP designations overview
• BOP Care Level Classification Guide (PDF)
• BOP health care management
• BOP sentence computations / DSCC information
• BOP locations overview
• U.S. Marshals – Custody of prisoners