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'''Rajat Gupta''' (born December 2, 1948) is an Indian American business executive who served as managing director of McKinsey & Company from 1994 to 2003 and later sat on the boards of Goldman Sachs and Procter & Gamble. In 2012 he was convicted of insider trading and conspiracy for passing confidential corporate information to hedge fund manager Raj Rajaratnam. On October 24, 2012, Judge Jed S. Rakoff sentenced him to two years in federal prison and a $5 million fine. <ref name="DOJ">U.S. Department of Justice. “Rajat K. Gupta Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to Two Years in Prison for Insider Trading.” October 12, 2012. https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October12/GuptaSentencing.php</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Rajat Kumar Gupta was born in Calcutta, India. He studied mechanical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and earned his MBA from Harvard Business School. <ref name="Wiki">Wikipedia. “Rajat Gupta.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajat_Gupta</ref> He joined McKinsey & Company shortly after graduation and rose quickly. In 1994 the firm elected him its first non-American managing director. During his nine-year tenure he expanded McKinsey’s international presence, strengthened its private-equity advisory work and increased its profile among multinational corporations.

Gupta also built a significant career outside McKinsey. He served on the boards of Goldman Sachs and Procter & Gamble and advised the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He co-founded the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad and helped launch global health initiatives. His reputation grew to one of the most trusted voices in corporate leadership. He became a central figure in philanthropic circles and promoted business-education partnerships across India. <ref name="Wiki" />

Gupta’s growing influence also brought him into contact with major hedge funds, including the Galleon Group run by Raj Rajaratnam. Gupta held personal financial interests that intersected with those relationships. Federal investigators later identified these connections as a key context for the insider-trading case.

== Federal offense and prosecution ==
Federal prosecutors alleged that Gupta shared confidential information obtained during Goldman Sachs board meetings with Rajaratnam, who then traded on that information. The indictment cited two major leaks: the planned $5 billion Berkshire Hathaway investment in Goldman on September 23, 2008, and internal details about Goldman’s quarterly financial losses in October 2008. <ref name="DOJ" />

On June 15, 2012, a jury found him guilty of conspiracy and multiple counts of securities fraud. At sentencing Judge Rakoff described Gupta’s conduct as a serious breach of trust because he held one of the most respected roles in corporate America. Gupta received a two-year prison sentence, one year of supervised release and a $5 million fine. <ref name="FD">Financial Times. “Gupta gets two-year sentence in insider trading case.” October 24, 2012. https://www.ft.com/content/89e1b21c-1df0-11e2-8e1c-00144feabdc0</ref>

Gupta appealed his conviction. On March 25, 2014, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the verdict. <ref name="Reuters">Reuters. “Rajat Gupta loses appeal of insider trading conviction.” March 25, 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gupta-appeal-idUSBREA2O1E620140325</ref>

== Incarceration and prison experience ==
Gupta surrendered on June 17, 2014, to begin his two-year sentence. <ref name="Reuters" /> Public reporting places him at a low-security federal facility where he served in dormitory housing with work assignments typical for white-collar offenders, though the Bureau of Prisons did not publish his exact unit or camp placement. During custody Gupta maintained correspondence with colleagues, continued philanthropic planning work and focused on reading and writing.

After release from full custody, he completed a period of home confinement and one year of supervised release. He remained barred from corporate board service and from acting in leadership roles involving securities oversight. His case became a prominent example within corporate-governance circles of the risks associated with sharing confidential boardroom information.

== Life after release ==
After completing his sentence Gupta returned to public life in a limited capacity. In 2019 he published *Mind Without Fear*, a memoir in which he argued he never intended to facilitate insider trading. <ref name="Guardian">The Guardian. “Rajat Gupta: ‘I was naïve’.” April 22, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/apr/22/rajat-gupta-mind-without-fear</ref> The book drew mixed responses, with some critics arguing that it downplayed his responsibility.

Gupta later engaged in small-scale philanthropy, leadership coaching and public commentary on ethics and professional resilience. His corporate career, however, did not resume. McKinsey formally removed him from all roles after the conviction and major companies declined to re-appoint him to board positions. The case continues to be cited in business schools and legal scholarship as a turning point in the enforcement of insider-trading laws.

== Notable associates and related cases ==
* Raj Rajaratnam, founder of Galleon Group and central figure in the investigation. <ref name="Reuters" />  
* Anil Kumar, former McKinsey partner who cooperated with prosecutors.  
* Galleon Group insider-trading cases, part of a multi-year federal crackdown.

== References ==
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